看看画家论构图

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FIG20
树干提供了垂直的线条，岸是水平的，小松树打破了蓝色的三角形。

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12. When including elements whose nature is usually in movement, if possible indicate their movement but without putting them into compromising positions that would make them feel that they are posing. 12.当包含具有运行特征的构图成分时，应尽可能地表现其运动，但不要将其放在一个过于理想的位置上----因为这样将显得矫揉造作

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FIG21 马在走，可以看到蹄子下面的尘土

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13. If you are uncertain from where you want to start your visual path such as a river or road you may want to consider this concept. Most of us read from left to right, so by sheer habit the eye will follow this sequence.
13.如果不能确定让视觉引导线(如河流或道路)从哪里开始，那么应认真考虑这个观点：大多数人阅读习惯是从左到右，纯粹是个习惯问题，看物体时眼睛也会从左向右扫视

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14. The visual entrance may also begin at the top left much like reading a book.
14.如同看书一样，从左上角开始看图也是一种视觉习惯。

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15. Do not start your visual path from a corner. 15.别让视觉引导线始于四个角。

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FIG23 加宽河面，可以解决线条由边角开始的问题。

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16. Avoid duplicating forms, lines, movement, and size. This will make them compete and conflict with each other.
16避免两个相同的形式，线条，运动，大小。这可以造成他们之间的竞争和冲突

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17. Avoid grouping animals and people in even numbers. In case you wish to depict a pair, change their size and position. 17、避免将人群分成偶数。万一要描绘两个人，也应从体形大小及位置上作精心按排

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Fig. 26. Incorrect. Here the deer compete with each other because they are placed in similar poses. They are also about the same size.
不太好，两只鹿相互竞争，因为他们的位置相似，大小也差不多

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Fig. 27.Better. The deer on the right is different in size and is in another position.
好一点，右边的鹿大小和位置都和另一个不同。

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FIG28 背景加进第三只鹿更好一点。

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18. Never lean your objects outward. Always have them lean inwards. Do not line them parallel to the frame. That applies in vertical or horizontal format. 18、永远别将物体向画面外倾----总是将它们向里倾。设计水平线和垂直线时最好别让它们与画框平行

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FIG30最好，向内倾斜的电线杆，有利于留驻视线。

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19. Avoid straight lines unless they are quite short. Disguise them or modify them to curvatures. 19、避免直线—除非它们很短。将它们装饰或修改成曲线。

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大多直线都被花遮盖，只看到石墙的曲线。

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Fig. 33. The tiled roof houses are curved. This is very common on American barns. After all, wooden beams sag over tim

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20. Do not show geometrical forms such as, squares, rectangles (doors, windows) triangles, (pine trees) ovals, or circles. (Trees, clouds) Even when these appear in nature. For example, if you include a window, break up the form with an overlapping tree branch or a flowerpot.
20、别让画中出现明显的几何形状如正方形、长方形(门、窗)、三角形(松树)、椭圆或圆形(树、云)—尽管它们的实际形状如此。例如，若画中有窗，需利用与窗子交叠的树枝或花盆将方形打破。

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下面的阴影被打破。

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21. Never divide your painting into equal parts. This will make it look too deliberate and artificial. The horizontal line should not go across the middle.
21.永远别将画面分为均等的两部分—因为它会让人觉得画面过于刻意而显得虚假。水平线不该放置在中部